Sabtu, 11 Januari 2014
The Changes of Similar Words between Tagalog and Indonesian
The Changes of Similar Words between Tagalog and Indonesian
Written by Ari Julianto
The Tagalog language has developed a unique vocabulary sinceits inception from its Malayo-Polynesian roots. The influence of the Spanish, Nahuatl, Sanskrit,Pali, Persian, Arabic, English, Chinese, Japanese, and Indian languages can be seen in the Tagalog language.
According to the linguistic expert Jose Villa Panganiban, "of the 30,000 root words in the Tagalog language, there are close to 5,000 from Spanish, 3,200 from Malay and Chamorro, 1,500 from English, 1,500 from both Hokkien (Min Nan) and Yueh Chinese dialects, 300 from Sanskrit and Pali, 200 from Arabic, and a few hundred altogether from other languages".
Some linguists claim that borrowings from Malay and Chamorro cannot be ascertained at this time, as words from the Old Austronesian language and those from Malay and Chamorro are still ambiguous and too similar to be distinguished.
Meanwhile, Indonesian (Bahasa Indonesia) is the official language of Indonesia. It is a standardized register of Malay, an Austronesian language which has been used as a lingua franca in the Indonesian archipelago for centuries.
Indonesia is the fourth most populous nation in the world. Of its large population, the number of people who speak Indonesian fluently is fast approaching 100%, making Indonesian one of the most widely spoken languages in the world.(Souce: Wikipedia).
Below is the short list of several similar words between Tagalog and Bahasa Indonesia.
Tagalog Indonesian Meaning
Anak Anak = child
Anim Enam = six
Apat Empat = Four
Asin (salt) Asin (salty)
Asinan Asinan = pickle
balik balik = return
bangon bangun = wake up
bangkay bangkai = Corpse
bangis bengis fierce, ferocious
bansa bangsa = nation
bawang (garlic) bawang merah (onion) bawang putih (garlic)
bayad bayar = pay
bunso bungsu = youngest child
dahon daun = leaf
dating datang = arrive
dingding dinding = wall
gansa angsa = goose
hangin angin = wind
inumin minum = drink
kambing kambing = goat
kami kami = we
kanan kanan = right
kuko kuku = nail
lalaki lelaki = man
langit langit = sky
langka nangka = jackfruit
lima lima = five
mahal mahal = expensive
mangga mangga = mango
mangkok mangkok = bowl
manipis (thin) menipis (become thin)
mapait pahit = bitter
mata mata = eye
mesa meja = table
mula (from, since) mula (beginning)
mura murah = cheap
pandak pendek = short
pinggan pinggan rarely used = plate
sakit sakit = ill
sayang sayang = it's too bad
siko siku = elbow
sulat surat = letter
taksi taksi = taxi
tali tali (rope) = string
taon tahun = year
tawa tawa = laugh
tainga/tenga telinga = ear
tulak tolak = push
tulong tolong = help
tumpok tumpuk = a pile
tusok tusuk = pierce
uban uban = gray hair
ubi ubi = yam
From the above list of words, we can see that there arethree types of words change between Tagalog and Bahasa Indonesia, they are:
1. Change in vowel
Between Tagalog and Bahasa Indonesia, there is One vowel change. The position of the vowel can be in end-position like ako (T) = Aku (BI), Siko (T) = Siku (BI), and mid-position like Tolong (BI) = Tulong (T), lelaki (BI) = Lalaki (T).
2. Change in consonant
Between Tagalog and Bahasa Indonesia, there is One consonanat change like sulat (T) = surat (BI), tainga (T) = telinga (BI),
3. Missing/adding Infix
Between Tagalog and Bahasa Indonesia, there is a difference in infix like dingding (T) = dinding (BI), bunso (T) = bungsu (BI).
4. Missing/adding letter
Between Tagalog and Bahasa Indonesia, there is one or two letters missed or added like mura (T) = murah (BI), dahon (T) = daun (BI).
Some other words have difference in pronunciation although the words in two languages are similar. And the rest might be different in usage only.
This is only a short analysis and I hope today's posting will be useful for all of us. Amien.
Reference
Meman, Paz B. 1990. Tagalog Language Packet. Manila: Peace Corps. Manila.
Tim Redaksi. 2008. Kamus Bahasa Indonesia.Jakarta: Pusat Bahasa Departemen Pendidikan Nasional.
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